Overview
Our lab is located at 301–304 Nieuwland Science Hall with a total space of 1,900 sq ft comprising three functional zones:
- Device preparation zone
- Optical exploration zone
- Electronic characterization zone
Class-1000 Cleanroom
We have a 250 sq ft class-1000 cleanroom within our lab. It contains a NuAire Laminar-Flow Fume Hood, a Westbond Wire Bonder, an optical microscope, and a (future) Veeco-Fiji2 Plasma-Enhanced Atomic-Layer Deposition (PEALD) system.
BlueFors LD400 Dilution Refrigerator Systems
We have two BlueFors LD400 dilution refrigerator systems that have been configured for electronic, magnetic, and optical measurements of various quantum materials and devices down to 10mK temperatures.
Fridge A: Vector-Magnet Fridge with Free-Space Optical Access
This fridge is dedicated to quantum information research including manipulating superconducting transmon/fluxonium qubits, semiconductor charge/spin qubits, and our unique electron-on-solid-neon (eNe) qubits.
✔ <10mK base temperature
✔ 14μW @ 20mK and 500μW @ 100mK cooling power
✔ 1-1-1 Tesla 3-axis vector superconducting magnet
✔ 16x input and 7x output semi-rigid RF coaxial lines up to 18 GHz with installed attenuators, filters, circulators, isolators, HEMT amplifiers
✔ 24x PhBr wires in twisted pairs and 24x superconducting wires in twisted pairs
✔ 24x low-ohmic wires for attocube nanopositioners
✔ 24x thermocoax lines cutoff at 100MHz
✔ 4x FC/APC single-mode fibers at 1550nm
✔ 5x free-space optical windows with 12mm clear view
✔ 8x stainless-steel capillary lines for various rare gases (helium, neon, argon, etc.)
✔ Helium-activated cryogenic valves and automated filling system
Fridge B: Solenoid-Magnet Fridge with Fast Sample Exchange System
This fridge is suitable for expedited quantum material and device characterization, such as electro/magneto-transport measurements and superconducting resonator measurements.
✔ <10mK base temperature on the plate
✔ <20mK base temperature on the probe
✔ 14μW @ 20mK and 500μW @ 100mK cooling power on the plate
✔ 68μW @ 100mK cooling power on the probe
✔ 9 Tesla z-axis vector superconducting magnet
✔ Fast sample exchange from a bottom load-lock with <8 hours cooldown to base temperature
✔ 16x input and 7x output semi-rigid RF coaxial lines up to 18 GHz with installed attenuators, filters, , circulators, isolators, HEMT amplifiers
✔ 24x PhBr wires in twisted pairs and 24x superconducting wires in twisted pairs
✔ 24x low-ohmic wires for attocube nanopositioners
✔ 24x thermocoax lines cutoff at 100MHz
✔ 32x RF and 100x DC connections on the sample puck
PLASSYS MEB550S4 superconducting thin-film deposition system
We have a PLASSYS MEB550S4 e-beam evaporation/magnetron sputtering integrated deposition system, hosted in the Notre Dame Cleanroom. It is a key tool for us to make superconducting quantum devices (resonators, Josephson-junction qubits, parametric amplifiers, nanowire single-photon detectors, etc.). Without breaking the vacuum, a robot arm automatically transfers 4’’ wafers or smaller chips between the evaporation (Al, AlOx, GrAl) and the sputtering (Nb, Ti, NbN, TiN) chamber. The system features most state of the art functionalities:
✔ full automation
✔ ultra-high vacuum (< 9×10-9 mbar)
✔ in-situ ion milling
✔ double-angle shadow evaporation
✔ back heating up to 750 °C
✔ two-target co-sputtering
FourNineDesign Tabletop Optical Cryostat
We have a FourNineDesign optical cryostat dedicated to low-vibration experiments on floating optical tables that involve rare-earth ions in cryogenic crystals and trapped ions in the vacuum:
✔ 3.5K base temperature
✔ <30nm vibration
✔ 300mW @ 5K cooling power
✔ 8x ground-floating SMAs at room temperature and SMPs at low temperature
✔ 100x PhBr wires for experiments
✔ 24x PhBr wires for attocube positioners
✔ 6x optical fibers covering UV-Vis-NIR
✔ 8x free-space optical windows
Newport Optical Tables
We have three 4ft x 10ft Newport Floating Optical Tables with 12in thick table tops.
Electronic Equipment
✔ Quantum Machine’s Orchestration Platform (QOP): An integrated system enables parametric pulse programming, real-time data processing, flow control, and ultra-fast analog feedback
✔ QDevil suite: Electronic instruments and parts specialized for Quantum electronics research:
1. QDAC-II: 24-channel high-precision low-noise voltage generator for DC and intermediate-frequency control
2. QBoard: Complete sample holder system for cryogenic measurements at both low and high frequencies, with 51 DC lines and 16 RF lines
3. QCage: Microwave-cavity sample holder for high-fidelity qubit measurements with 24 channels and frequencies up to 18 GHz
4. QBox: 24-channel fully shielded Fischer to BNC breakout box for low noise measurement
5. QFilter: 24-channel advanced Low-Pass Filtering to reduce the electron temperature down to mixing chamber temperature
✔ Liquid Instrument Moku Pro: FPGA-based measurement platform that integrates most frequently used instruments (Lock-in amplifier, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer etc.) into a single platform
✔ Keysight P5024B Network Analyzer: 9 kHz to 20 GHz
✔ Keysight U8485A power sensor: 10 MHz to 67 GHz
✔ Keysight E36312A Triple output DC power supply: programmable output 0-25 V, 1A
✔ Stanford Research Lock-in Amplifiers SR865A: 400 MHz
✔ Keithley 2450 Source Meter
✔ FEMTO DLPVA voltage amplifier: Variable gain, DC to 100kHz, Input impedance up to 1 TΩ
✔ Vaunix Signal Generator: LMS-802DX (2 to 8 GHz) and LMS-183DX (6 to 18 GHz)
Optical Equipment
- Bristol Instrument 771A-NIR-FC/UPC Spectrum Analyzer with 520 – 1700nm wavelength range and +/-0.2ppm wavelength accuracy